文献リスト

1）循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン（2012 年度合同研究班報告）. 先天性心疾患術後遠隔期の管理・侵襲的治療に関するガイドライン（2012年改訂版）

2）Amano J, Kuwano H, Yokomise H. Thoracic and cardiovascular surgery in Japan during 2011. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013; 61: 578-607

3）Backer CL, Deal BJ, Kaushal S, et al. Extracardiac versus intra-atrial lateral tunnel fontan: extracardiac is better. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2011; 14: 4-10

4）Hosein RB, Clarke AJ, McGuirk SP, et al. Factors influencing early and late outcome following the Fontan procedure in the current era. The ‘Two Commandments’? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007; 31: 344-52

5）Fontan F, Kirklin J, Fernandez G, et al. Outcome after a “perfect” Fontan operation. Circulation. 1990; 81: 1520-36

6）Petrossian E, Reddy VM, Collins KK, et al. The extracardiac conduit Fontan operation using minimal approach extracorporeal circulation: early and midterm outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006; 132: 1054-63

7）Nakano T, Kado H, Tachibana T, et al. Excellent midterm outcome of extracardiac conduit total cavopulmonary connection: results of 126 cases.Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 84: 1619-25

8）Stephenson EA, Lu M, Berul CI, et al. Arrhythmias in a contemporary Fontan cohort: prevalence and clinical associations in a multicenter cross-sectional study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 56: 890-6

9）Dilawar M, Bradley SM, Saul JP, et al. Sinus node dysfunction after intraatrial lateral tunnel and extracardiac conduit fontan procedures. Pediatr Cardiol. 2003; 24: 284-8

10）Nurnberg JH, Ovroutski S, Alexi-Meskishvili V, et al. New onset arrhythmias after the extracardiac conduit Fontan operation compared with the intraatrial lateral tunnel procedure: early and midterm results. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 78: 1979-88

11）Balaji S, Daga A, Bradley DJ, et al. An international multicenter study comparing arrhythmia prevalence between the intracardiac lateral tunnel and the extracardiac conduit type of Fontan operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014; 148: 576-81

12）Lasa JJ, Glatz AC, Daga A, et al. Prevalence of Arrhythmias Late After the Fontan Operation. J Cardiol. 2014; 113: 1184-8

13）Fishberger SB, Wernovsky G, Gentles TL, et al. Factors that influence the development of atrial flutter after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997; 113: 80-6

14）中澤　誠．12公-11先天性心疾患術後不整脈の発生要因並びにその予防及び管理に関する研究．平成14年度厚生労働省循環器病研究委託費による研究報告集．国立循環器病センター．2003. p.601-2

15）Giannico S, Hammad F, Amodeo A, et al. Clinical outcome of 193 extracardiac Fontan patients: the first 15 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47: 2065-7

16）Betts TR, Roberts PR, Allen SA, et al. Electrophysiological mapping and ablation of intra-atrial reentry tachycardia after Fontan surgery with the use of a noncontact mapping system. Circulation. 2000; 102: 419-25

17）Deal BJ, Mavroudis C, Backer CL. Arrhythmia management in the Fontan patient. Pediatr Cardiol. 2007; 28: 448-56

18）Dave AS, Aboulhosn J, Child JS, et al. Transconduit puncture for catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia in a patient with extracardiac fontan palliation. Heart Rhythm. 2010; 7: 413-6

19）Aoki H, Nakamura Y, Takeno S, et al. A new procedure for a trans-conduit puncture by grasping the dilator tip with a snare catheter: an alternative access method during catheter ablation of supraventricular tachycardias after an extracardiac Fontan operation. Heart Rhythm. 2014; 11: 1492-4

20）Marcelletti CF, Hanley FL, Mavroudis C, et al. Revision of previous Fontan connections to total extracardiac cavopulmonary anastomosis: A multicenter experience. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 119: 340-6

21）Mavroudis C, Deal BJ, Backer CL, et al. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper for congenital heart surgery. 111 Fontan conversions with arrhythmia surgery: surgical lessons and outcomes. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 84: 1457-66

22）van Son JAM, Mohr FW, Hambsch J, et al. Conversion of atriopulmonary or lateral atrial tunnel cavopulmonary anastomosis to extracardiac conduit Fontan modification. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999; 15: 150-7

23）Feldt RH, Driscoll DJ, Offord KP, et al. Protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1996; 112: 672-80

24）Mertens L, Hagler DJ, Sauer U, et al. Protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation: an international multicenter study. PLE study group. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998; 115: 1063-73

25）Rychik J, Gui-Yang S. Relation of mesenteric vascular resistance after Fontan operation and protein-losing enteropathy. Am J Cardiol. 2002; 90: 672-4

26）John AS, Johnson JA, Kahn M, et al. Clinical outcomes and improved survival in patients with protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014; 64: 54-62

27）Rychik J. Forty years of the Fontan operation: a failed strategy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2010; 13: 96-100

28）Nayar S, Parmar R, Kulkarni S, et al. Treatment of plastic bronchitis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007; 83: 1884-6

29）Grutter G, Di Carlo D, Gandolfo F, et al. Plastic bronchitis after extracardiac Fontan operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012; 94: 860-4

30）Zellers TM, Brown K. Protein-losing enteropathy after the modified fontan operation: oral prednisone treatment with biopsy and laboratory proved improvement. Pediatr Cardiol. 1996; 17: 115-7

31）Kelly AM, Feldt RH, Driscoll DJ, et al. Use of heparin in the treatment of protein-losing enteropathy after Fontan operation for complex congenital heart disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998; 73: 777-9

32）Ringel RE, Peddy SB. Effect of high-dose spironolactone on protein-losing enteropathy in patients with Fontan palliation of complex congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2003; 91: 1031-2

33）Goldberg DJ, French B, Szwast AL, et al. Impact of sildenafil on echocardiographic indices of myocardial performance after the Fontan operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012; 33: 689-96

34）Rhodes J, Ubeda-Tikkanen A, Clair M, et al. Effect of inhaled iloprost on the exercise function of Fontan patients: a demonstration of concept. Int J Cardiol. 2013; 168: 2435-40

35）John AS, Phillips SD, Driscoll DJ, et al. The use of octreotide to successfully treat protein-losing enteropathy following the Fontan operation. Congenit Heart Dis. 2011; 6: 653-6

36）Rychik J, Rome JJ, Jacobs ML. Late surgical fenestration for complications after the Fontan operation. Circulation. 1997; 96: 33-6

37）Cohen MI, Rhodes LA, Wernovsky G, et al. Atrial pacing: an alternative treatment for protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001; 121: 582-3

38）Gamba A, Merlo M, Fiocchi R, et al. Heart transplantation in patients with previous Fontan operations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2004; 127: 555-62

39）Meadows J, Jenkins K. Protein-losing enteropathy :integrating a new disease paradigm into recommendations for prevention and treatment. Cardiol Young. 2011; 21: 363-77

40）Kanter KR, Mahle WT, Vincent RN, et al. Heart transplantation in children with a Fontan procedure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011; 91: 823-9

41）Monagle P, Cochrane A, McCrindle B, et al. Thromboembolic complications after fontan procedures -the role of prophylactic anticoagulation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998; 115: 493-8

42）Monagle P, Karl TR. Thromboembolic problems after the Fontan operation. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card Surg Annu. 2002; 5: 36-47

43）Balling G, Vogt M, Kaemmerer H, et al. Intracardiac thrombus formation after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000; 119: 745-52

44）Cromme-Dijkhuis AH, Henkens CM, Bijleveld CM, et al. Coagulation factor abnormalities as possible thrombotic risk factors after Fontan operations. Lancet. 1990; 336: 1087-90

45）Jahangiri M, Shore D, Kakkar V, et al. Coagulation factor abnormalities after the Fontan procedure and its modifications. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997; 113: 989-92

46）Hofbeck M, Singer H, Buheitel G, et al. Formation of thrombus in the residual pulmonary trunk and regurgitation of the pulmonary valve after total cavopulmonary connection. Cardiol Young. 1997; 7: 44-9

47）Seipelt RG, Franke A, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, et al. Thromboembolic complications after Fontan procedures: comparison of different therapeutic approaches. Ann Thorac Surg. 2002; 74: 556–62

48）Jacobs ML, Pourmoghadam KK, Geary EM, et al. Fontan’s operation: is aspirin enough? Is coumadin too much? Ann Thorac Surg. 2002; 73: 64-8

49）Barker PC, Nowak C, King K, et al. Risk factors for cerebrovascular events following fontan palliation in patients with a functional single ventricle. Am J Cardiol. 2005; 96: 587-91

50）McCrindle BW, Manlhiot C, Cochrane A, et al. Factors associated with thrombotic complications after the Fontan procedure: a secondary analysis of a multicenter, randomized trial of primary thromboprophylaxis for 2 years after the Fontan procedure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61: 346-53

51）Amodeo A, Di Donato R, Carotti A, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas and polysplenia syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994; 107: 1378-9

52）Brown JW, Ruzmetov M, Vijay P, et al. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children after the Kawashima operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005; 80: 1592-6

53）Srivastava D, Preminger T, Lock JE, et al. Hepatic venous blood and the development of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1995; 92: 1217-22

54）Duncan BW, Desai S. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after cavopulmonary anastomosis. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003; 76: 1759-66

55）Setyapranata S, Brizard CP, Konstantinov IE, et al. Should we always plan a Fontan completion after a Kawashima procedure? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011; 40: 1011-5

56）Justino H, Benson LN, Freedom RM. Development of unilateral pulmonary arteriovenous malformations due to unequal distribution of hepatic venous flow. Circulation. 2001; 103: E39-40

57）McElhinney DB, Kreutzer J, Lang P, et al. Incorporation of the hepatic veins into the cavopulmonary circulation in patients with heterotaxy and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations following a Kawashima procedure. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005; 80: 1597-603

58）Ichikawa H, Fukushima N, Ono M, et al. Resolution of pulmonary arteriovenous fistula by redirection of hepatic venous blood. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 77: 1825-7

59）Imoto Y, Sese A, Joh K. Redirection of the hepatic venous flow for the treatment of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after Fontan operation. Pediatr Cardiol. 2006; 27: 490-2

60）Kim SJ, Bae EJ, Lee JY, et al. Inclusion of hepatic venous drainage in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009; 87: 548-53

61）McElhinney DB, Marx GR, Marshall AC, et al. Cavopulmonary pathway modification in patients with heterotaxy and newly diagnosed or persistent pulmonary arteriovenous malformations after a modified Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2011; 141: 1362-70

62）Amodeo A, Grigioni M, Filippelli S, et al. Improved management of systemic venous anomalies　in a single ventricle: new rationale. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2009; 138: 1154-9

63）Rychik J, Veldtman G, Rand E, et al. The precarious state of the liver after a Fontan operation：Summary of a multidisciplinary symposium. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012; 33: 1001-12

64）Schwartz MC, Sullivan LM, Glatz AC, et al. Portal and sinusoidal fibrosis are common on liver biopsy after Fontan surgery. Pediatr cardiol. 2013; 34: 135-42

65）Schwartz MC, Sullivan L, Cohen MS, et al. Hepatic pathology may develop before the Fontan operation in children with functional single ventricle：an autopsy study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012; 143: 904-9

66）Narkewicz MR, Sondheimer HS, Ziegler JW, et al. Hepatic dysfunction following the Fontan procedure. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003; 36: 352-7

67）Camposilvan S, Milanesi O, Stellin G, et al. Liver and cardiac function in the long term after Fontan operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008; 86: 177-82

68）Johnson JA, Cetta F, Graham RP, et al. Identifying predictors of hepatic disease in patients after the Fontan operation: a postmortem analysis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013; 146: 140-5

69）Baek JS, Bae EJ, Ko JS, et al. Late hepatic complications after Fontan operation：non-invasive markers of hepatic fibrosis and risk factors. Heart. 2010; 96: 1750-3

70）豊田智彦，赤城禎治，越後茂之，他．フォンタン術後遠隔期にみられる肝障害の実態調査　－血液生化学的所見による検討とアンケートによる全国調査－. 日小児循環器会誌．2009; 25: 3: 329

71）Oka T，Kato R，Fumino S， et al. Noninvasive estimation of central venous pressure after　Fontan procedure using biochemical markers and abdominal echography. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013; 146: 153-72

72）Anderson PA, Sleeper LA, Mahony L, et al. Contemporary outcomes after the Fontan procedure: a Pediatric Heart Network multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008; 52: 85-98

73）Dodge-Khatami A, Rahn M, Pretre R, et al. Dual chamber epicardial pacing for the failing atriopulmonary Fontan patient. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005; 80: 1440-4

74）Bacha EA, Zimmerman FJ, Mor-Avi V, et al. Ventricular resynchronization by multisite pacing improves myocardial performance in the postoperative single-ventricle patient. Ann Thorac Surg. 2004; 78: 1678-83

75）Griffiths ER, Kaza AK, Wyler von Ballmoos MC, et al. Evaluating failing Fontans for heart transplantation: predictors of death. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009; 88: 558-63

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