文献リスト

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2）Ghofrani HA, Grimminger F. Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulation: an emerging option in pulmonary hypertension therapy. Eur Respir Rev. 2009; 18: 35-41

3）Ghofrani HA, Galie N, Grimminger F, et al. Riociguat for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 330-40

4）Galie N, Negro L, Simonneau G. The use of combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: new developments. Eur Repir Rev. 2009; 18: 148-53

5）Richard N. Combination therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2013; 111(suppl): 16C-20C

6）Sitbon O, Simonneau G. Optimal management of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir Rev. 2011; 20: 254-61

7）Hoeper MM, Markevych I, Spiekerkoetter E, et al. Goal-oriented treatment and combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2005; 26: 858-63

8）Badesch DB, Raskob GE, Elliott CG, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension: baseline characteristics from the REVEAL Registry. Chest. 2010; 137: 376-87

9）Barst RJ, Gibbs JS, Galle N, et al. Updated evidence-based treatment algorithm in pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54 Suppl. 1: S78–S84

10）Galie N, Hoeper MM, Humbert M, et al. Guildelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS), endorsed by the International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT). Eur Heart J. 2009; 30: 2493-537

11）Vachiery JL, Gaine S. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir Rev. 2012; 21: 313-20

12）Humbert M, Barst RJ, Robbins IM, et al. Combination of bosentan with epoprostenol in pulmonary arterial hypertension: BREATHE-2. Eur Eepir J. 2004; 24: 353-9

13）McLaughlin VV, Oudiz RJ, Frost A, et al. Randomized study of adding inhaled iloprost to existing bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 174: 1257-63

14）Hoeper MM, Faulenbach C, Golpon H, et al. Combination therapy with bosentan and sildenafil in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J. 2004; 24: 1007-10

15）Simonneau G, Rubin LJ, Galie N, et al. Addition of sildenafil to long-term intravenous epoprostenol therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2008; 149: 521-30

16）McLaughlin VV, Benza RL, Rubin LJ, et al. Addition of inhaled treprostinil to oral therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55: 1915-22

17）Tapson V, Torres F, Kermeen F, et al. Oral trepostinil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients on background endothelin receptor antagonist and / or phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy (The FREEDOM-C Study): a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2012; 142: 1383-90

18）Hoeper MM, Barst RJ, Bourge RC, et al. Imatinib mesylate as add-on therapy for pulmonary arte­rial hypertension: results of the randomized IMPRES Study. Circulation. 2013; 127: 1128-38

19）Barst RJ, Oudiz RJ, Beardsworth A, et al. Tadalafil monotherapy and as add-on to background bosentan in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2011; 30: 632-43

20）Galie N, Brundage B, Ghofrani HA, et al. Tadalafil therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation. 2009; 119: 2894-903

21）Galie N, Rubin LJ, Hoeper M, et al. Treatment of patients with mildly symptomatic pulmonary arterial hypertension with bosentan (EARLY study): a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008; 371: 2093-100

22）Pulido T, Adzerikho I, Channick RN, et al. Macitentan and morbidity and mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369: 809-18

23）Peacock A, Keogh A, Humbert M. Endpoints in pulmonary arterial hypertension: the role of clinical worsening. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010; 16 suppl 1: S1-9

24）Rubin L, Simonneau G. Perspective on the optimal endpoints for pulmonary arterial hypertension trials. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010; 16 suppl 1: S43-6

25）Fox BD. Shimony A, Langleben D. Meta-analysis of monotherapy versus combination therapy for pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 2011; 108: 1177-82

26）Bai Y, Sun L, Wei Y, et al. Combination therapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension: a meta-analysis. Cardiology. 2011; 120: 157-65

27）A study of first-line ambrisentan and tadalafil combination therapy in subjects with pulmonary arterial hypertension (AMBITION) http://clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01178073 Date last updated: June 6, 2013. Date last accessed: September 4, 2013

28）Kemp K, Savale L, O’Callaghan DS, et al. Usefulness of first-line combination therapy with epoprostenol and bosentan in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an observational study. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2012; 31: 150-8

29）Sitbon O, Jais X, Savale L, et al. Upfront triple combination therapy of i.v. epoprostenol with oral bosentan and sildenafil in idiopathic and heritable pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011; 183: A5910

30）Hunter CC. When to initiate intravenous therapy and/or refer. Am J Cardiol. 2013; 111(suppl): 21C-24C

31）Vachiery J, Gaine S. Challenges in the diagnosis and treatment on pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir Rev. 2011; 21: 313-20

32）Farber HW, Miller DP, Berry F, et al. Use of parenteral prostanoids at time of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension enrolled in REVEAL. Chest. 2005; 140: 903A

33）Benza RL, Gomberg-Maitland M, Miller DP, et al. The REVEAL registry risk score calculator in patients newly diagnosed with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Chest. 2012; 141: 354-62

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