|
1) National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2009
|
|
|
|
|
2) Fryer Allison D, Jacoby David B, et al. Muscarinic receptors and control of airway smooth muscle. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158: 5154-60
|
|
|
|
|
|
3) Barnes PJ. The pharmacological properties of tiotropium. Chest. 2000; 117: s63-6
|
|
|
|
|
4) Wessler IK, Kirkpatrick CJ. The non-neuronal cholinergic system: an emerging drug target in the airways. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2001; 14: 423-34
|
|
|
|
|
5) Busse W, Elias J, Sheppard D, et al. Airway remodeling and repair. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 160: 1035
|
|
|
|
|
|
6) Cabezas GA, Graf PD, Nadel JA. Sympathetic versus parasympathetic nervous regulation of airways in dogs. J Appl Physiol. 1971; 31: 651-5.
|
|
|
|
|
|
7) Richardson J, Béland J. Nonadrenergic inhibitory nervous system in human airways. J Appl Physiol. 1976; 41(5 Pt. 1): 764-71
|
|
|
|
|
|
8) Simonsson BG, Jacobs FM, Nadel JA. Role of autonomic nervous system and the cough reflex in the increased responsiveness of airways in patients with obstructive airway disease. J Clin Invest. 1967; 46: 1812-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
9) Barnes PJ. Mechanisms in COPD: differences from asthma. Chest. 2000; 117(2 Suppl): 10S-4S
|
|
|
|
|
|
10) Ordonez CL, Khashayar R, Wong HH, et al. Mild and moderate asthma is associated with airway goblet cell hyperplasia and abnormalities in mucin gene expression. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163: 517
|
|
|
|
|
|
11) Takeyama K, Dabbagh K, Lee HM, et al. Epidermal growth factor system regulates mucin production in airways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999; 96: 3081
|
|
|
|
|
|
12) Bos IST, Gosens R, et al. Inhibition of allergen-induced airway remodeling by tiotropium and budesonide: a comparison. Eur Respir J. 2007; 30: 653-61
|
|
|
|
|
|
13) Bousquet J, Jeffery PK, Busse WW, et al. Asthma: From bronchoconstriction to airways inflammation and remodeling. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 161: 1720
|
|
|
|
|
|
14) Vignola AM, Chanez P, Chiapara G, et al. Transforming growth factor-β expression in mucosal biopsies in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997; 156: 591
|
|
|
|
|
|
15) Ohta S, Oda N, Yokoe T, et al. Effect of tiotropium bromide on airway inflammation and remodelling in a mouse model of asthma. Clin Exp Allergy. 2010; 40: 1266-75
|
|
|
|
|
|
16) Vignola AM, Riccobono L, Mirabella A, et al. Sputum metalloproteinase-9 / tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 ratio correlates with airflow obstruction in asthma and chronic bronchitis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998; 158: 1945
|
|
|
|
|
|
17) Atkinson JJ, Senior RM. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 in lung remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2003; 28: 12
|
|
|
|
|
|
18) Ohno I, Ohtani H, Nitta Y, et al. Eosinophils as a source of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in asthmatic airway inflammation. Am J Respir Mol Biol. 1997; 16: 212
|
|
|
|
|
|
19) Okada S, Kita H, George TJ, et al. Migration of eosinophils through basement membrane components in vitro; Role of matrix metalloproteinase-9. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 1997; 17: 519
|
|
|
|
|
|
20) Kumagai K, Ohno I, Okada S, et al. Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases prevents allegen-induced airway inflammation in a murine model of asthma. J Immunol. 1999; 162: 4212
|
|
|
|
|
|
21) 山下直美. 喘息におけるアポトーシスとリモデリング. 呼吸と循環. 2006; 54: 13
|
|
|
|
|
22) Freyer AM, Johnson SR, Hall IP. Effects of growth factors and extracellular matrix on survival of human airway smooth muscle cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2001; 25: 569
|
|
|
|
|
|
23) Gosens R, Bos IST, et al. Protective effects of tiotropium bromide in the progression of airway smooth muscle remodeling. Am J Repir Crit Care Med. 2005; 171: 1096-102
|
|
|
|
|
|
24) Rennard SI, Serby CW, Ghafouri M, et al. Extended therapy with ipratropium is associated with improved lung function in patients with COPD. A retrospective analysis of data from seven clinical trials. Chest. 1996; 110: 62-70
|
|
|
|
|
|
25) Koga T, Kamimura T, Oshita Y, et al. Determinants of bronchodilator responsiveness in patients with controlled asthma. J Asthma. 2006; 43: 71-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
26) Bellia V, Cibella F, Cuttitta G, et al. Effect of age upon airway obstruction and reversibility in adult patients with asthma. Chest. 1998; 114: 1336-42
|
|
|
|
|
|
27) Peters SP, Kunselman SJ, Icitovic N, et al; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Asthma Clinical Research Network. Tiotropium bromide step-up therapy for adults with uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2010; 363: 1715-26
|
|
|
|
|