1) Van Gelder IC, Hagens VE, Bosker HA, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1834-40
|
|
|
2) Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1825-33
|
|
|
3) Wijffels MC, Kirchhof CJ, Dorland R, et al. Atrial fibrillation begets atrial fibrillation. A study in awake chronically instrumented goats. Circulation. 1995; 92: 1954-68
|
|
|
4) Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991; 324: 781-8
|
|
|
5) Waldo AL, Camm AJ, deRuyter H, et al. Effect of d-sotalol on mortality in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after recent and remote myocardial infarction. The SWORD Investigators. Survival With Oral d-Sotalol. Lancet. 1996; 348: 7-12
|
|
|
6) Torp-Pedersen C, Moller M, Kober L, et al. Dofetilide for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2000; 21: 1204-6
|
|
|
7) Seki A, Hagiwara N, Kasanuki H. Effects of NIP-141 on K currents in human atrial myocytes. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2002; 39: 29-38
|
|
|
8) Blaauw Y, Gogelein H, Tieleman RG, et al. “Early" class III drugs for the treatment of atrial fibrillation: efficacy and atrial selectivity of AVE0118 in remodeled atria of the goat. Circulation. 2004; 110: 1717-24
|
|
|
9) Goldstein RN, Khrestian C, Carlsson L, et al. Azd7009: a new antiarrhythmic drug with predominant effects on the atria effectively terminates and prevents reinduction of atrial fibrillation and flutter in the sterile pericarditis model. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2004; 15: 1444-50
|
|
|
10) Knobloch K, Brendel J, Rosenstein B, et al. Atrial-selective antiarrhythmic actions of novel Ikur vs. Ikr, Iks, and IKAch class Ic drugs and beta blockers in pigs. Med Sci Monit. 2004; 10: BR221-8
|
|
|
11) Matsuda T, Takeda K, Ito M, et al. Atria selective prolongation by NIP-142, an antiarrhythmic agent, of refractory period and action potential duration in guinea pig myocardium. J Pharmacol Sci. 2005; 98: 33-40
|
|
|
12) Crijns HJ, Van Gelder IC, Walfridsson H, et al. Safe and effective conversion of persistent atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm by intravenous AZD7009. Heart Rhythm. 2006; 3: 1321-31
|
|
|
13) Dorian P, Pinter A, Mangat I, et al. The effect of vernakalant (RSD1235), an investigational antiarrhythmic agent, on atrial electrophysiology in humans. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007; 50: 35-40
|
|
|
14) Regan CP, Stump GL, Wallace AA, et al. In vivo cardiac electrophysiologic and antiarrhythmic effects of an isoquinoline IKur blocker, ISQ-1, in rat, dog, and nonhuman primate. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007; 49: 236-45
|
|
|
15) Wirth KJ, Brendel J, Steinmeyer K, et al. In vitro and in vivo effects of the atrial selective anti-arrhythmic compound AVE1231. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2007; 49: 197-206
|
|
|
16) Li GR, Wang HB, Qin GW, et al. Acacetin, a natural flavone, selectively inhibits human atrial repolarization potassium currents and prevents atrial fibrillation in dogs. Circulation. 2008; 117: 2449-57
|
|
|
17) Roy D, Pratt CM, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Vernakalant hydrochloride for rapid conversion of atrial fibrillation: a phase 3, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Circulation. 2008; 117: 1518-25
|
|
|
18) Olson TM, Alekseev AE, Liu XK, et al. Kv1. 5 channelopathy due to KCNA5 loss-of-function mutation causes human atrial fibrillation. Hum Mol Genet. 2006; 15: 2185-91
|
|
|
19) Fedida D. Vernakalant (RSD1235): a novel, atrial-selective antifibrillatory agent. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2007; 16: 519-32
|
|
|
20) Carlsson L, Chartier D, Nattel S. Characterization of the in vivo and in vitro electrophysiological effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZD7009 in atrial and ventricular tissue of the dog. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2006; 47: 123-32
|
|
|
21) Hashimoto N, Yamashita T, Tsuruzoe N. Tertiapin, a selective IKACh blocker, terminates atrial fibrillation with selective atrial effective refractory period prolongation. Pharmacol Res. 2006; 54: 136-41
|
|
|
22) Hashimoto N, Yamashita T, Tsuruzoe N. Characterization of in vivo and in vitro electro-physiological and antiarrhythmic effects of a novel IKACh blocker, NIP-151: a comparison with an IKr-blocker dofetilide. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2008; 51: 162-9
|
|
|
23) Dobrev D, Friedrich A, Voigt N, et al. The G protein-gated potassium current I (K, ACh) is constitutively active in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2005; 112: 3697- 706
|
|
|
24) Voigt N, Friedrich A, Bock M, et al. Differential phosphorylation-dependent regulation of constitutively active and muscarinic receptor-activated IK, ACh channels in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation. Cardiovasc Res. 2007; 74: 426-37
|
|
|
25) Fahmi AI, Patel M, Stevens EB, et al. The sodium channel beta-subunit SCN3b modulates the kinetics of SCN5a and is expressed heterogeneously in sheep heart. J Physiol. 2001; 537: 693-700
|
|
|
26) Burashnikov A, Di Diego JM, Zygmunt AC, et al. Atrium-selective sodium channel block as a strategy for suppression of atrial fibrillation: differences in sodium channel inactivation between atria and ventricles and the role of ranolazine. Circulation. 2007; 116: 1449-57
|
|
|
27) Burashnikov A, Di Diego JM, Zygmunt AC, et al. Atrial-selective sodium channel block as a strategy for suppression of atrial fibrillation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2008; 1123: 105-12
|
|
|
28) Wu L, Shryock JC, Song Y, et al. Antiarrhythmic effects of ranolazine in a guinea pig in vitro model of long-QT syndrome. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2004; 310: 599-605
|
|
|
29) Ogawa S, Yamashita T, Yamazaki T, et al. Optimal treatment strategy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: J-RHYTHM Study. Circ J. 2009; 73: 242-8
|
|
|
30) Camm AJ, Savelieva I. New antiarrhythmic drugs for atrial fibrillation: focus on dronedarone and vernakalant. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2008; 23: 7-14
|
|
|
31) Nattel S, Carlsson L. Innovative approaches to anti-arrhythmic drug therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006; 5: 1034-49
|
|
|
32) Singh BN, Connolly SJ, Crijns HJ, et al. Dronedarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation or flutter. N Engl J Med. 2007; 357: 987-99
|
|
|
33) Kober L, Torp-Pedersen C, McMurray JJ, et al. Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2678-87
|
|
|
34) Hohnloser SH, Crijns HJ, van Eickels M, et al. Effect of dronedarone on cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360: 668-78
|
|
|
35) Connolly SJ, Crijns HJ, Torp-Pedersen C, et al. Analysis of stroke in ATHENA: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-arm trial to assess the efficacy of dronedarone 400 mg BID for the prevention of cardiovascular hospitalization or death from any cause in patients with atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter. Circulation. 2009; 120: 1174-80
|
|
|
36) Marcus GM, Whooley MA, Glidden DV, et al. Interleukin-6 and atrial fibrillation in patients with coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Am Heart J. 2008; 155: 303-9
|
|
|
37) Kumagai K, Nakashima H, Urata H, et al. Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonist on electrical and structural remodeling in atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41: 2197- 204
|
|
|
38) Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA, et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J. 2006; 152: 86-92
|
|
|
39) Goette A, Bukowska A, Lendeckel U. Non-ion channel blockers as anti-arrhythmic drugs (reversal of structural remodeling). Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007; 7: 219-24
|
|
|
40) Savelieva I, Camm J. Statins and polyunsaturated fatty acids for treatment of atrial fibrillation. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2008; 5: 30-41
|
|
|
41) Burstein B, Libby E, Calderone A, et al. Differential behaviors of atrial versus ventricular fibroblasts: a potential role for platelet-derived growth factor in atrial-ventricular remodeling differences. Circulation. 2008; 117: 1630-41
|
|
|
42) Dudley SC Jr, Hoch NE, McCann LA, et al. Atrial fibrillation increases production of superoxide by the left atrium and left atrial appendage: role of the NADPH and xanthine oxidases. Circulation. 2005; 112: 1266-73
|
|
|
43) Nakajima H, Nakajima HO, Salcher O, et al. Atrial but not ventricular fibrosis in mice expressing a mutant transforming growth factor-beta(1) transgene in the heart. Circ Res. 2000; 86: 571-9
|
|
|
44) Nattel S, Burstein B, Dobrev D. Atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation: mechanisms and implications. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2008; 1: 62-73
|
|
|
45) Shimano M, Tsuji Y, Inden Y, et al. Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activator, attenuates atrial fibrosis and atrial fibrillation promotion in rabbits with congestive heart failure. Heart Rhythm. 2008; 5: 451-9
|
|
|
46) Tsai CT, Lai LP, Kuo KT, et al. Angiotensin II activates signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 via Rac1 in atrial myocytes and fibroblasts: implication for the therapeutic effect of statin in atrial structural remodeling. Circulation. 2008; 117: 344-55
|
|
|
47) Xing D, Kjolbye AL, Nielsen MS, et al. ZP123 increases gap junctional conductance and prevents reentrant ventricular tachycardia during myocardial ischemia in open chest dogs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2003; 14: 510-20
|
|
|
48) Eloff BC, Gilat E, Wan X, et al. Pharmacological modulation of cardiac gap junctions to enhance cardiac conduction: evidence supporting a novel target for antiarrhythmic therapy. Circulation. 2003; 108: 3157-63
|
|
|
49) Guerra JM, Everett THt, Lee KW, et al. Effects of the gap junction modifier rotigaptide (ZP123) on atrial conduction and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. Circulation. 2006; 114: 110-8
|
|
|
50) Kikuchi K, McDonald AD, Sasano T, et al. Targeted modification of atrial electrophysiology by homogeneous transmural atrial gene transfer. Circulation. 2005; 111: 264-70
|
|
|
51) Miyoshi S, Soejima K, Tanimoto K, et al. Efficacy and feasibility of pericardial endoscopy by percutaneous subxiphoid approach. Circ J. 2009; 73 (abstract): 581
|
|
|