|
1) Parving HH, Persson F, Lewis JB, et al. AVOID Study Investigators. Aliskiren combined with losartan in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2008; 358: 2433-46
|
|
|
|
2) Zhang Z, Sun L, Wang Y, et al. Renoprotective role of the vitamin D receptor in diabetic nephropathy. Kidney Int. 2008; 73: 163-71
|
|
|
|
|
|
3) Niranjan T, Bielesz B, Gruenwald A, et al. The Notch pathway in podocytes plays a role in the development of glomerular disease. Nat Med. 2008; 14: 290-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
4) Geraldes P, Hiraoka-Yamamoto J, Matsumoto M, et al. Activation of PKC-delta and SHP-1 by hyperglycemia causes vascular cell apoptosis and diabetic retinopathy. Nat Med. 2009; 15: 1298-306
|
|
|
|
|
|
5) 日本透析医学会統計調査委員会. わが国の慢性透析療法の現況(2009 年 12 月 31 日現在). 日本透析医学会, 2010
|
|
|
|
|
|
6) 厚生省平成3年度糖尿病調査研究報告書. 1992. p.317-20
|
|
|
|
|
|
7) 糖尿病性腎症に関する合同委員会報告. 日腎会誌. 2002. p.44
|
|
|
|
|
|
8) Middleton RJ, Foley RN, Hegarty J, et al. The unrecognized prevalence of chronic kidney disease in diabetes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006; 21: 88-92
|
|
|
|
|
|
9) Retnakaran R, Cull CA, Thorne KI, et al. UKPDS Study Group. Risk factors for renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes: U. K. Prospective Diabetes Study 74. Diabetes. 2006; 55: 1832-9
|
|
|
|
|
|
10) Babazono T, Hanai K, Suzuki K, et al. Lower haemoglobin level and subsequent decline in kidney function in type 2 diabetic adults without clinical albuminuria. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 1387-93
|
|
|
|
|
|
11) Chavers BM, Chavers BM, Bilous RW, et al. Glomerular lesions and urinary albumin excretion in type I diabetes without overt proteinuria. N Engl J Med. 1989; 320: 966-97
|
|
|
|
|
|
12) Brocco E, Fioretto P, Mauer M, et al. Renal structure and function in non-insulin dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria. Kidney Int. 1997; Suppl 63: S40-4
|
|
|
|
|
|
13) Moriya T, Tanaka K, Moriya R. Glomerular structural changes and structural-functional relationships at early stage of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients. Med Electron Microsc. 2000; 33: 115-22
|
|
|
|
|
14) Tomino Y, Suzuki S, Azushima C, et al. Asian multicenter trials on urinary type IV collagen in patients with diabetic nephropathy. J Clin Lab Anal. 2001; 15: 188-92
|
|
|
|
|
|
15) The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1993; 329: 977-86
|
|
|
|
|
|
16) UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998; 352: 837-53
|
|
|
|
|
|
17) Ohkubo Y, Kishikawa H, Araki E, et al. Intensive insulin therapy prevents the progression of diabetic microvascular complications in Japanese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized prospective 6-year study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1995; 28: 103-17
|
|
|
|
|
|
18) Vlassara H, Striker LJ, Teichberg S, et al. Advanced glycation end products induce glomerular sclerosis and albuminuria in normal rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994; 91: 11704-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
19) Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Noble NA, et al. Expression of transforming growth factor beta is elevated in human and experimental diabetic nephropathy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993; 90: 1814-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
20) Pöschl E, Pollner R, Kühn K. The genes for the alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) chains of human basement membrane collagen type IV are arranged head-to-head and separated by a bidirectional promoter of unique structure. EMBO J. 1988; 7: 2687-95
|
|
|
|
|
|
21) Burbelo PD, Martin GR, Yamada Y. Alpha 1(IV) and alpha 2(IV) collagen genes are regulated by a bidirectional promoter and a shared enhancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988; 85: 9679-82
|
|
|
|
|
|
22) Bruggeman LA, Burbelo PD, Yamada Y, et al. A novel sequence in the type IV collagen promoter binds nuclear proteins from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm tumor. Oncogene. 1992; 7: 1497-502
|
|
|
|
|
|
23) Iehara N, Takeoka H, Yamada Y, et al. Advanced glycation end products modulate transcriptional regulation in mesangial cells. Kidney Int. 1996; 50: 1166-72
|
|
|
|
|
|
24) Abe H, Matsubara T, Iehara N, et al. Type IV collagen is transcriptionally regulated by Smad1 under advanced glycation end product (AGE) stimulation. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 14201-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
25) Huang S, Flanders KC, Roberts AB. Characterization of the mouse Smad1 gene and its expression pattern in adult mouse tissues. Gene. 2000; 258: 43-53
|
|
|
|
|
|
26) Brenner BM, Cooper ME, de Zeeuw D, et al. RENAAL Study Investigators. Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 861-9
|
|
|
|
|
|
27) Lewis EJ, Hunsicker LG, Clarke WR, et al. Collaborative Study Group. Renoprotective effect of the angiotensin-receptor antagonist irbesartan in patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 851-60
|
|
|
|
|
|
28) Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J, et al. The effect of irbesartan on the development of diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2001; 345: 870-8
|
|
|
|
|
|
29) Mima A, Matsubara T, Arai H, et al. Angiotensin II-dependent Src and Smad1 signaling pathway is crucial for the development of diabetic nephropathy. Lab Invest. 2006; 86: 927-39
|
|
|
|
|
|
30) Johnson RJ, Iida H, Alpers CE, et al. Expression of smooth muscle cell phenotype by rat mesangial cells in immune complex nephritis. Alpha-smooth muscle actin is a marker of mesangial cell proliferation. J Clin Invest. 1991; 87: 847-58
|
|
|
|
|
|
31) Matsubara T, Abe H, Arai H, et al. Expression of Smad1 is directly associated with mesangial matrix expansion in rat diabetic nephropathy. Lab Invest. 2006; 86: 357-68
|
|
|
|
|
|
32) Ohashi S, Abe H, Takahashi T, et al. Advanced glycation end products increase collagen-specific chaperone protein in mouse diabetic nephropathy. J Biol Chem. 2004; 279: 19816-23
|
|
|
|
|
|
33) Nakashima K, Yanagisawa M, Arakawa H, et al. Synergistic signaling in fetal brain by STAT3-Smad1 complex bridged by p300. Science. 1999; 284: 479-82
|
|
|
|
|
|
34) Takahashi T, Abe H, Arai H, et al. Activation of STAT3/Smad1 is a key signaling pathway for progression to glomerulosclerosis in experimental glomerulonephritis. J Biol Chem. 2005; 280: 7100-6
|
|
|
|
|
|
35) Mima A, Arai H, Matsubara T, et al. Urinary Smad1 is a novel marker to predict later onset of mesangial matrix expansion in diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2008; 57: 1712-22
|
|
|
|
|
|
36) Takamatsu N, Abe H, Tominaga T, et al. Risk factors for chronic kidney disease in Japan: a community-based study. BMC Nephrol. 2009; 10: 34
|
|
|
|
|