1) http://www.fgs.or.jp/public/22_20071221.pdf(内分泌学会ホームページより)
|
|
|
2) Rosen T, Bengtsson BA. Premature mortality due to cardiovascular disease in hypopituitarism. Lancet. 1990; 336: 285-8
|
|
|
3) Abs R, Bengtsson BA, Hernberg-Stâhl E, et al. GH replacement in 1034 growth hormone defi-cient hypopituitary adults: demographic and clini-cal characteristics, dosing and safety. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 1999; 50: 703-13
|
|
|
4) Aimaretti G, Corneli G, Gaia D, et al. Hypo-thalamus-pituitary and peripheral endocrine dysunction in patients treated for pituitary tumors of central nervous system (CNS): a retro-spective study. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2002; 12: 104
|
|
|
5) Salomon F, Cuneo RC, Hesp R, et al. The effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on body composition and metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. N Engl J Med. 1989; 321: 1797-803
|
|
|
6) Carroll PV, Drake WM, Maher KT, et al. Com-parison of continuation or cessation of growth hormone (GH) therapy on body composition and metabolic status in adolescents with severe GH deficiency at completion of linear growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 3890-5
|
|
|
7) Johannsson G, Grimby G, Sunnerhagen KS, et al. Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increase isometric and isokinetic muscle strength in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82: 2877-84
|
|
|
8) Götherström G, Elbornsson M, Stibrant-Sunnerhagen K, et al. Ten years of growth hor-mone (GH) replacement normalizes muscle strength in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 809-16
|
|
|
9) Elam MB, Wilcox HG, Solomon SS, et al. In vivo growth hormone treatment stimulates secretion of very low density lipoprotein by the isolated perfused rat liver. Endocrinology. 1992; 131: 2717-22
|
|
|
10) Rudling M, Norstedt G, Olivecrona H, et al. Importance of growth hormone for the induction of hepatic low density lipoprotein receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992; 89: 6983-7
|
|
|
11) Cummings MH, Christ E, Umpleby AM, et al. Abnormalities of very low density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism contribute to the dyslipidaemia of adult growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82: 2010-3
|
|
|
12) 島津 章, 千原和夫, 横越 浩, 他. 成人ソユトロピン(GH)欠損症の病態と諸問題. ホルモンと臨床. 1997; 45(増刊号): 120-8
|
|
|
13) Johansson JO, Fowelin J, Landin K, et al. Growth hormone-deficient adults are insulin-resistant. Metabolism. 1995; 44: 1126-9
|
|
|
14) Fowelin J, Attvall S, Lager I, et al. Effects of treatment with recombinant human growth hormone on insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in adults with growth hormone deficiency. Metabolism. 1993; 42: 1443-7
|
|
|
15) Ichikawa T, Hamasaki K, Ishikawa H, et al. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic steatosis in patients with adult onset growth hormone defi-ciency. Gut. 2003; 52: 914
|
|
|
16) Kaji H, Sakurai T, Iguchi G, et al. Adult growth hormone deficiency in Japan: results of investi-gation by questionnaire. Endocrine J. 2002; 49: 597-604
|
|
|
17) Ito E, Hizauka N, Fukuda I, et al. Metabolic disorders in adult growth hormone deficiency: a study of 110 patients at a single institute in Japan. Endocrine J. 2006; 53: 539-45
|
|
|
18) Fukuda I, Hizuka N, Yasumoto K, et al. Metabolic co-morbidities revealed in patients with child-hood-onset adult GH deficiency after cessation of GH replacement therapy for short stature. Endocr J. 2008; 55: 977-84
|
|
|
19) Adams LA, Feldstein A, Lindor KD, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among patients with hypothalamic and pituitary dysfunction. Hepatology. 2004; 39: 909-14
|
|
|
20) Takahashi Y, Iida K, Takahashi K, et al. Growth hormone reverses nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a patient with adult growth hormone deficiency. Gastroenterology. 2007; 132: 938-43
|
|
|
21) Rosén T, Edén S, Larson G, et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients with growth hor-mone deficiency. Acta Endocrinol(Copenh). 1993; 129: 195-200
|
|
|
22) Markussis V, Beshyah SA, Fisher C, et al. Detection of premature atherosclerosis by high-resolution ultrasonography in symptom-free hypopituitary adults. Lancet. 1992; 340: 1188-92
|
|
|
23) Maison P, Griffin S, Nicoue-Beglah M, et al. Impact of growth hormone (GH) treatment on cardiovascular risk factors in GH-deficient adults: a metaanalysis of blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 2192-9
|
|
|
24) Böger RH, Skamira C, Bode-Böger SM, et al. Nitric oxide may mediate the hemodynamic effects of recombinant growth hormone in patients with acquired growth hormone defici-ency. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Invest. 1996; 98: 2706-13
|
|
|
25) Johansson JO, Landin K, Tengborn L, et al. High fibrinogen and plasminogen activator inhibitor activity in growth hormone-deficient adults Arterioscler Thromb. 1994; 14: 434-7
|
|
|
26) Sverrisdóttir YB, Elam M, Herlitz H, et al. Intense sympathetic nerve activity in adults with hypo-pituitarism and untreated growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998; 83: 1881-5
|
|
|
27) Leonsson M, Hulthe J, Johannsson G, et al. Increased Interleukin-6 levels in pituitary-deficient patients are independently related to their carotid intima-media thickness. Clin Endo-crinol(Oxf). 2003; 59: 242-50
|
|
|
28) Sesmilo G, Biller BM, Llevadot J, et al. Effects of growth hormone administration on inflammatory and other cardiovascular risk markers in men with growth hormone deficiency. A randomized, controlled clinical trial. Ann Intern Med. 2000; 133: 111-22
|
|
|
29) Capaldo B, Patti L, Oliviero U, et al. Increased arterial intima-media thickness in childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997; 82: 1378-81
|
|
|
30) Borson-Chazot F, Serusclat A, Kalfallah Y, et al. Decrease in carotid intima-media thickness after one year growth hormone (GH) treatment in adults with GH deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84: 1329-33
|
|
|
31) Pfeifer M, Verhovec R, Zizek B, et al. Growth hormone (GH) treatment reverses early athero-sclerotic changes in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999; 84: 453-7
|
|
|
32) Kaufman JM, Taelman P, Vermeulen A, et al. Bone mineral status in growth hormone-deficient males with isolated and multiple pituitary defi-ciencies of childhood onset. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992; 74: 118-23
|
|
|
33) Holmes SJ, Economou G, Whitehouse RW, et al. Reduced bone mineral density in patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994; 78: 669-74
|
|
|
34) Rosén T, Wilhelmsen L, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, et al. Increased fracture frequency in adult patients with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency. Eur J Endocrinol. 1997; 137: 240-5
|
|
|
35) Raben MS Clinical use of human growth hor-mone. N Engl J Med 1962; 266: 82-6
|
|
|
36) Deijen JB, Arwert LI, Witlox J, et al. Differential effect sizes of growth hormone replacement on Quality of Life, well-being and health status in growth hormone deficient patients: a meta-analysis. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2005; 19: 63
|
|
|
37) Svensson J, Benqtsson BA, Rosen T, et al. Malignant disease and cardio vascular morbidity in hypopituitary adults with or without growth hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 3306-12
|
|
|
38) Bates AS, Van't Hoff W, Jones PJ, et al. The effect of hypopituitarism on life expectancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996; 81: 1169-72
|
|
|
39) Bülow B, Hagmar L, Mikoczy Z, et al. Increased cerebrovascular mortality in patients with hypo-pituitarism. Clin Endocrinol(Oxf). 1997; 46: 75-81
|
|
|
40) Tomlinson JW Holden N, Hills RK, et al. Association between premature mortality and hypopituitarism. West Midlands Prospective Hypopituitary Study Group. Lancet. 2001; 357: 425-31
|
|
|
41) Stochholm K, Gravholt CH, Laursen T, et al. Mortality and GH deficiency: a nationwide study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007; 157: 9-18
|
|
|
42) Svensson J, Bengtsson BA, Rosén T, et al. Malignant disease and cardiovascular morbidity in hypopituitary adults with or without growth hormone replacement therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 3306-12
|
|
|
43) Wilkinson IR, Ferrandis E, Artymiuk PJ, et al. A ligand-receptor fusion of growth hormone forms a dimer and is a potent long-acting agonist. Nat Med. 2007; 13: 1108-13
|
|
|
44) Webster R, Xie R, Didier E, Finnessy J, et al. PEGylation of somatropin (recombinant human growth hormone): impact on its clearance in humans. Xenobiotica. 2008; 38: 1341-51
|
|
|
45) Touraine P, D'Souza G, Kourides I, et al. Lipoatrophy in GH deficient patients treated with a long-acting pegylated GH. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009; 161: 533-40
|
|
|
46) Lee P, Ho KK. Therapy: Growth hormone supplementation: a silver lining for the aged? Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009; 5: 424-5
|
|
|
47) White HK, Petrie CD, Landschulz W, et al. Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009; 94: 1198-206
|
|
|