1) Jones PW, Willits LR, Burge PS, et al. Inhaled Steroids in Obstructive Lung Disease in Europe study investigators. Disease severity and the effect of fluticasone propionate on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations. Eur Respir J. 2003; 21: 68-73
|
|
|
2) NHLBI WHO Workshop Report. Global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2006
|
|
|
3) 日本呼吸器学会COPDガイドライン第2版作成委員会. COPD(慢性閉塞性肺疾患)診断と治療のためのガイドライン. 第2版. 東京: メディカルレビュー社; 2004
|
|
|
4) Pauwels RA, Buist AS, Calverley P, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease NHLBI/WHO global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease (GOLD) workshop summary. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163: 1256-76
|
|
|
5) Barnes PJ. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 269-80
|
|
|
6) Culpitt SV, Maziak W, Loukidis S, et al. Effect of high dose inhaled steroid on cells, cytokines, and proteases in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 160: 1635-9
|
|
|
7) Vestbo J, Sorensen T, Lange P, et al. Long-term effect of inhaled budesonide in mild and moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Lancet. 1999; 353: 1819-23
|
|
|
8) Pauwels R, Lofdahl CG, Laitinen L, et al. Long-term treatment with inhaled budesonide in persons with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who continue smoking. N Engl J Med. 1999; 340: 1948-53
|
|
|
9) Burge PS, Calverley P, Jones PW, et al. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: The ISOLDE trial. BMJ. 2000; 320: 1297-303
|
|
|
10) The Lung Health Study Research Group. Effect of inhaled triamcinolone on the decline in pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 1902-9
|
|
|
11) Zhu J, Qiu YS, Majumdar S, et al. Bronchial eosinophilia and gene expression for interleukin-4, interleukin-5, and eosinophil chemoattractants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164: 109-16
|
|
|
12) Saetta M, Stefano AD, Maestrelli P, et al. Airway eosinophilia in chronic bronchitis during exacerbations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994; 150: 1646-52
|
|
|
13) Soler-Cataluna JJ, Martinez-Garcia MA, Roman Sanchez P, et al. Severe acute exacerbations and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005; 60: 925-31
|
|
|
14) Sin DD, Paul Man SF. Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Circulation. 2003; 107: 1514-19
|
|
|
15) Sin DD, Wu L, Anderson JA, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2005; 60: 992-7
|
|
|
16) Barnes PJ. Scientific rationale for inhaled combination therapy with long-acting β2-agonists and corticosteroids. Eur Respir J. 2002; 19: 182-91
|
|
|
17) Naedele-Risha R, Dorinsky P, Timothy J. Dual components of optimal asthma therapy: Scientific and clinical rationale for the use of long-acting β-agonists with inhaled corticosteroids. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2001; 101: 526-33
|
|
|
18) Barnes NC, Qiu YS, Pavord ID, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in chronic obstructive lung disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006; 173: 736-43
|
|
|
19) Bourbeau J, Christodoulopoulos P, Maltais F, et al. Effect of salmeterol / fluticasone propionate on airway inflammation in COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax. 2007; 62: 938-43
|
|
|
20) Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003; 361: 449-56
|
|
|
21) Mahler DA, Wire P, Horstman D, et al. Effectiveness of fluticasone propionate and salmeterol combination delivered via the diskus device in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166: 1084-91
|
|
|
22) Szafranski W, Cukier A, Ramirez A, et al. Efficacy and safety of budesonide / formoterol in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2003; 21: 74-81
|
|
|
23) Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, et al. TORCH investigators. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007; 356: 775-89
|
|
|
24) Cazzolaa M, Noschesea P, Centannib S, et al. Salmeterol/fluticasone propionate in a single inhaler device versus theophylline+fluticasone propionate in patients with COPD. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2004; 17: 141-5
|
|
|
25) Casanova C, Cote C, de Torres JP, et al. Inspiratory-to total lung capacity ratio predicts mortality in patients with chronic obstruction pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 171: 591-7
|
|
|
26) O'Donnell DE, Lam L, Wwbb KA. Spirometric correlates of improvement in exercise performance after anticholinergic therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 160: 542-9
|
|
|
27) O'Donnell DE, Sciurba F, Celli B, et al. Effect of fluticasone propionate/salmeterol on lung hyperinflation and exercise endurance in COPD. Chest. 2006; 130: 647-56
|
|
|
28) Nannini LJ, Cates CJ, Lasserson TJ, et al. Combined corticosteroid and long-acting beta-agonist in one inhaler versus long-acting beta-agonists for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007; CD006829
|
|
|
29) Wedzicha JA, Calverley PM, Seemungal TA, et al. INSPIRE Investigators. The prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exa-cerbations by salmeterol/fluticasone propionate or tiotropium bromide. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 177: 19-26
|
|
|
30) Celli BR, Thomas NE, Anderson JA, et al. Effect of pharmacotherapy on rate of decline of lung function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: results from the TORCH study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 178: 332-8
|
|
|
31) Wouters EF, Creutzberg EC, Schols AM. Systemic effects in COPD. Chest. 2002; 121: 127S-30S
|
|
|
32) Agusti AG, Noguera A, Sauleda J, et al. Systemic effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Eur Respir J. 2003; 21: 347-60
|
|
|
33) Similowski T, Agusti AG, MacNee W, et al. The potential impact of anaemia of chronic disease in COPD. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 390-6
|
|
|
34) Gan WQ, Man SF, Senthilselvan A, et al. Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and systemic inflammation: a systematic review and a meta-analysis. Thorax. 2004; 59: 574-80
|
|
|
35) McGarvey LP, John M, Anderson JA, et al. TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Ascertain-ment of cause-specific mortality in COPD: operations of the TORCH Clinical Endpoint Committee. Thorax. 2007; 62: 411-5
|
|
|
36) Ridker PM, Rifai N, Rose L, et al. Comparison of C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the prediction of first cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2002; 347: 1557-65
|
|
|
37) de Torres JP, Cordoba-Lanus E, Lopez-Aguilar C, et al. C-reactive protein levels and clinically important predictive outcomes in stable COPD patients. Eur Respir J. 2006; 27: 902-7
|
|
|
38) Mannino DM, Ford ES, Redd SC. Obstructive and restrictive lung disease and markers of inflammation: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination. Am J Med. 2003; 114: 758-62
|
|
|
39) Sin DD, Lacy P, York E et al. Effects of fluticasone on systemic markers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004; 170: 760-5
|
|
|
40) Macie C, Wooldrage K, Manfreda J, et al. Inhaled corticosteroids and mortality in COPD. Chest. 2006; 130: 640-6
|
|
|
41) Sin DD, Man SF, Marciniuk DD, et al. ABC (Advair, Biomarkers in COPD) Investigators. The effects of fluticasone with or without salmeterol on systemic biomarkers of inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008; 177: 1207-14
|
|
|