1) Finch R, Macfarlane JT, Selkon JD, et al. The British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults admitted to hospital. Br J Hosp Med. 1993; 49: 346-50
|
|
|
2) Niederman MS, Bass JB, Campbell GB, et al. American Thoracic Society guidelines for the initial management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993; 148: 1418-26
|
|
|
3) American Thoracic Society. Hospital-acquired pneumonia in adults: diagnosis, assessment of severity, initial antimicrobial therapy, and preventive strategies. A consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995; 153: 1711-25
|
|
|
4) Guidelines for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. MMWR-Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Report. 1997; 46(RR-1): 1-7
|
|
|
5) 日本呼吸器学会市中肺炎診療ガイドライン作成委員会. 成人市中肺炎診療の基本的考え方. 2000
|
|
|
6) 日本呼吸器学会呼吸器感染症に関するガイドライン作成委員会. 成人院内肺炎診療の基本的考え方. 2002
|
|
|
7) American Thoracic Society and Infectious Disease Society of America. Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005; 171: 388-416
|
|
|
8) 日本呼吸器学会呼吸器感染症に関するガイドライン作成委員会. 成人市中肺炎診療ガイドライン. 2005
|
|
|
9) National Center for Health Statics. Highlights of trends in the health of older Americans: United States, 1994. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 1995
|
|
|
10) Reuben DB, Schnell JF, Buchanan JL, et al. Primary care of long-stay nursing home residents: approaches of three health maintenance organizations. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999; 47: 131-8
|
|
|
11) 長寿社会開発センター. 老人福祉のてびき. 2001. p. 1-160
|
|
|
12) Muder RR. Pneumonia in residents of long-term care facilities: epidemiology, etiology, management, and prevention. Am J Med. 1998; 105: 319-30
|
|
|
13) Engelhart ST, Hanses-Derendorf L, Exner M, et al. Prospective surveillance for healthcare-associated infections in German nursing home residents. J Hosp Infection. 2005; 60: 46-50
|
|
|
14) Gravel D, Taylor G, Ofner M, et al. Point prevalence survey for healthcare-associated infections within Canadian adult acute-care hospitals. J Hosp Infection. 2007; 66: 243-8
|
|
|
15) Tambyah PA, Habib AG, Ng TM, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in Singapore is usually“healthcare associated". Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2003; 24: 436-8
|
|
|
16) Kollef MH, Shorr A, Tabak YP, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of health-care-associated pneumonia: results from a large US database of culture-positive pneumonia. Chest. 2005; 128: 3854-62
|
|
|
17) Fujitani S, Yu VL. A new category-healthcare-associated pneumonia: a good idea, but problems with its execution. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2006; 25: 627-31
|
|
|
18) El Solh AA, Sikka P, Ramadan F, et al. Etiology of severe pneumonia in the very elderly. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 163: 645-51
|
|
|
19) 岸 建志, 門田淳一. 成人院内肺炎, 人工呼吸器関連肺炎, 老健施設関連肺炎のガイドライン. 化学療法の領域. 2006; 22: 87-94
|
|
|
20) Craven DE. What is healthcare-associated pneumonia, and how should it be treated? Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2006; 19: 153-60
|
|
|
21) Simmons BP, Wongs ES. Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Infect Control. 1983; 11: 230-44
|
|
|
22) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. MMWR Recomm Rep. 1997; 46: 1-79
|
|
|
23) Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Besser R, et al. Guideline for preventing health-care-associated pneumonia, 2003: recommendations of CDC and the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2004; 53: 1-36
|
|
|
24) 朝野和典. 院内感染対策ガイドライン. 化学療法の領域. 2006; 22: 191-5
|
|
|