文献リスト

1) Kissebah AH, Vydelingum N, Murray R, et al. Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982; 54: 254-60

2) Tokunaga K, Matsuzawa Y, Ishikawa K, et al. A novel technique for the determination of body fat by computed tomography. Int J Obes. 1983; 7: 437-45

3) 日本肥満学会肥満症診断基準検討委員会. 松澤佑次, 井上修二, 池田義雄, 他. 新しい肥満の判定と肥満症の診断基準. 肥満研究. 2000; 6: 18-28

4) Examination Committee of Criteria for 'Obesity Disease' in Japan; Japan Society for the Study of Obesity. New criteria for 'obesity disease' in Japan. Circ J. 2002; 66: 987-92

5) Lear SA, Humphries KH, Kohli S, et al. Visceral adipose tissue, a potential risk factor for carotid atherosclerosis. results of the Multicultural Community Health Assessment Trial (M-CHAT). Stroke. 2007; 38: 2422-9

6) Fox CS, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, et al. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue compartments: association with metabolic risk factors in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007; 116: 39-48

7) Reaven GM. Banting Lecture 1988. Ro1e of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988; 37: 1595-607

8) Nakamura T, Tsubono Y, Kameda-Takemura K, et al; Group of the research for the association between host origin and atherosclerotic diseases under the preventive measure for work-related Diseases of the Japanese Labor Ministry. Magnitude of sustained multiple risk factors for ischemic heart disease in Japanese employees: a case-control study. Circ J. 2001; 65: 11-7

9) Expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001; 285: 2486-97

10) Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. American Heart Association; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation. 2005; 112: 2735-52

11) Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. IDF Epidemiology Task Force Consensus Group. The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005; 366: 1059-62

12) Matsuzawa Y. Metabolic syndrome--definition and diagnostic criteria in Japan. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2005; 12: 301

13) Kadota A, Hozawa A, Okamura T, et al. NIPPON DATA Research Group. Relationship between metabolic risk factor clustering and cardiovas-cular mortality stratified by high blood glucose and obesity: NIPPON DATA90, 1990-2000. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 1533-8

14) Matsuzawa Y, Shimomura I, Nakamura T, et al. Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat obesity. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1995; 748: 399-406

15) Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993; 259: 87-91

16) Halaas JL, Gajiwala KS, Maffei M, et al. Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Science. 1995; 269: 543-6

17) Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, et al. An expression profile of human adipose tissue. Gene. 1997; 190: 227-35

18) Funahashi T, Nakamura T, Shimomura I, et al. Role of adipocytokines on the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in visceral obesity. Intern Med. 1999; 38: 202-6

19) Matsuzawa Y. Therapy Insight: adipocytokines in metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disease. Nat Clin Pract Cardiovasc Med. 2006; 3: 35-42

20) Scherer PE. Adipose tissue: from lipid storage compartment to endocrine organ. Diabetes. 2006; 55: 1537-45

21) Maeda K, Okubo K, Shimomura I, et al. cDNA cloning and expression of a novel adipose specific collagen-like factor, apM1 (AdiPose Most abundant gene transcript 1). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996; 221: 286-9

22) Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 257: 79-83

23) Shimomura I, Funahashi T, Takahashi M, et al. Enhanced expression of PAI-1 in visceral fat: possible contributor to vascular disease in obesity. Nat Med. 1996; 2: 800-3

24) Skurk T, Alberti-Huber C, Herder C, et al. Relationship between adipocyte size and adipokine expression and secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 1023-33

25) Berg AH, Scherer PE. Adipose tissue, inflam-mation, and cardiovascular disease. Circ Res. 2005; 96: 939-49

26) Bodary PF, Gu S, Shen Y, et al. Recombinant leptin promotes atherosclerosis and thrombosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005; 25: e119-22

27) Parhami F, Tintut Y, Ballard A, et al. Leptin enhances the calcification of vascular cells: artery wall as a target of leptin. Circ Res. 2001; 88: 954-60

28) Bodary PF, Shen Y, Ohman M, et al. Leptin regulates neointima formation after arterial injury through mechanisms independent of blood pressure and the leptin receptor/STAT3 signaling pathways involved in energy balance. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007; 27: 70-6

29) Munzberg H, Myers MG Jr. Molecular and anatomical determinants of central leptin resistance. Nat Neurosci. 2005; 8: 566-70

30) Nishida M, Funahashi T, Shimomura I. Pathophy-siological significance of adiponectin. Med Mol Morphol. 2007; 40: 55-67

31) Matsuzawa Y, Funahashi T, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin and metabolic syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2004; 24: 29-33

32) Ryo M, Nakamura T, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin as a biomarker of the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2004; 68: 975-81

33) Kumada M, Kihara S, Sumitsuji S, et al. Osaka CAD Study Group. Coronary artery disease. Association of hypoadiponectinemia with coronary artery disease in men. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003; 23: 85-9

34) Ohashi K, Ouchi N, Kihara S, et al. Adiponectin I164T mutation is associated with the metabolic syndrome and coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004; 43: 1195-200

35) Maeda N, Shimomura I, Kishida K, et al. Diet-induced insulin resistance in mice lacking adiponectin/ACRP30. Nat Med. 2002; 8: 731-7

36) Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, et al. Novel modula-tor for endothelial adhesion molecules: adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin. Circulation. 1999; 100: 2473-6

37) Chen H, Montagnani M, Funahashi T, et al. Adiponectin stimulates production of nitric oxide in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2003; 278: 45021-6

38) Ohashi K, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Adiponectin replenishment ameliorates obesity-related hypertension. Hypertension. 2006; 47: 1108-16

39) Ouchi N, Kihara S, Arita Y, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein, adiponectin, suppresses lipid accumulation and class A scavenger recep-tor expression in human monocyte-derived macro-phages. Circulation. 2001; 103: 1057-63

40) Kumada M, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Adiponectin specifically increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 through interleukin-10 expression in human macrophages. Circulation. 2004; 109: 2046-9

41) Okamoto Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Adiponectin reduces atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Circulation. 2002; 106: 2767-70

42) Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Adipocyte-derived plasma protein adiponectin acts as a platelet-derived growth factor-BB-binding protein and regulates growth factor-induced common postreceptor signal in vascular smooth muscle cell. Circulation. 2002; 105: 2893-8

43) Fantuzzi G, Mazzone T. Adipose tissue and atherosclerosis: exploring the connection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007; 27: 996-1003

44) Matsuura F, Oku H, Koseki M, et al. Adiponectin accelerates reverse cholesterol transport by increasing high density lipoprotein assembly in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007; 358: 1091-5

45) Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Ito Y, et al. Cloning of adiponectin receptors that mediate antidiabetic metabolic effects. Nature. 2003; 423: 762-9

46) Maeda N, Takahashi M, Funahashi T, et al. PPARgamma ligands increase expression and plasma concentrations of adiponectin, an adipose-derived protein. Diabetes. 2001; 50: 2094-9

47) Hiuge A, Tenenbaum A, Maeda N, et al. Effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, bezafibrate and fenofibrate, on adiponectin level. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006; 27: 635-41

48) Itoh M, Suganami T, Satoh N, et al. Increased adiponectin secretion by highly purified eicosa-pentaenoic acid in rodent models of obesity and human obese subjects. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007. Epub ahead of print

49) Steppan CM, Bailey ST, Bhat S, et al. The hormone resistin links obesity to diabetes. Nature. 2001; 409: 307-12

50) Kaser S, Kaser A, Sandhofer A, et al. Resistin messenger-RNA expression is increased by proinflammatory cytokines in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003; 309: 286-90

51) Xu W, Yu L, Zhou W, et al. Resistin increases lipid accumulation and CD36 expression in human macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 351: 376-82

52) Reilly MP, Lehrke M, Wolfe ML, et al. Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation. 2005; 111: 932-9

53) Reilly MP, Lehrke M, Wolfe ML, et al. Resistin is an inflammatory marker of atherosclerosis in humans. Circulation. 2005; 111: 932-9

54) Devaraj S, Davis B, Simon SI, et al. CRP pro-motes monocyte-endothelial cell adhesion via Fcgamma receptors in human aortic endothelial cells under static and shear flow conditions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2006; 291: H1170-6

55) Nishida M, Moriyama T, Ishii K, et al. Effects of IL-6, adiponectin, CRP and metabolic syndrome on subclinical atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2007; 384: 99-104

56) Singh U, Devaraj S, Dasu MR, et al. C-reactive protein decreases interleukin-10 secretion in activated human monocyte-derived macrophages via inhibition of cyclic AMP production. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006; 26: 2469-75

57) Tilg H, Moschen AR. Adipocytokines: mediators linking adipose tissue, inflammation and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 2006; 6: 772-83

58) Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M, et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest. 2003; 112: 1796- 808

59) Xu H, Barnes GT, Yang Q, et al. Chronic inflammation in fat plays a crucial role in the development of obesity-related insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2003; 112: 1821-30

60) Curat CA, Wegner V, Sengenes C, et al. Macrophages in human visceral adipose tissue: increased accumulation in obesity and a source of resistin and visfatin. Diabetologia. 2006; 49: 744-7

61) Wu H, Ghosh S, Perrard XD, et al. T-cell accu-mulation and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted upregulation in adipose tissue in obesity. Circulation. 2007; 115: 1029-38

62) Kanda H, Tateya S, Tamori Y, et al. MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116: 1494-505

63) Dahlman I, Kaaman M, Olsson T, et al. A unique role of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 among chemokines in adipose tissue of obese subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 5834-40

64) Lumeng CN, Bodzin JL, Saltiel AR. Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization. J Clin Invest. 2007; 117: 175-84

65) Charo IF. Macrophage Polarization and Insulin Resistance: PPARgamma in control. Cell Metab. 2007; 6: 96-8

66) Odegaard JI, Ricardo-Gonzalez RR, Goforth MH, et al. Macrophage-specific PPARgamma controls alternative activation and improves insulin resistance. Nature. 2007; 447: 1116-20

67) Despres JP, Lemieux I. Abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Nature. 2006; 444: 881-7

68) Suganami T, Tanimoto-Koyama K, Nishida J, et al. Role of the Toll-like receptor 4/NF-kappaB pathway in saturated fatty acid-induced inflamma-tory changes in the interaction between adipo-cytes and macrophages. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007; 27: 84-91

69) Shi H, Kokoeva MV, Inouye K, et al. TLR4 links innate immunity and fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2006; 116: 3015-25

70) Fujita K, Nishizawa H, Funahashi T, et al. Systemic oxidative stress is associated with visceral fat accumulation and the metabolic syndrome. Circ J. 2006; 70: 1437-42

71) Hosogai N, Fukuhara A, Oshima K, et al. Adipose tissue hypoxia in obesity and its impact on adipocytokine dysregulation. Diabetes. 2007; 56: 901-11

72) Subauste AR, Burant CF. Role of FoxO1 in FFA-induced oxidative stress in adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 293: E159-64

73) Unoki H, Bujo H, Shibasaki M, et al. Increased matrix metalloproteinase-3 mRNA expression in visceral fat in mice implanted with cultured preadipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006; 350: 392-8

74) Fain JN, Madan AK, Hiler ML, et al. Comparison of the release of adipokines by adipose tissue, adipose tissue matrix, and adipocytes from visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissues of obese humans. Endocrinology. 2004; 145: 2273-82

75) Bruun JM, Lihn AS, Pedersen SB, et al. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 release is higher in visceral than subcutaneous human adipose tissue (AT): implication of macrophages resident in the AT. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005; 90: 2282-9

76) Fontana L, Eagon JC, Trujillo ME, et al. Visceral fat adipokine secretion is associated with syste-mic inflammation in obese humans. Diabetes. 2007; 56: 1010-3

77) Klein S, Fontana L, Young VL, et al. Absence of an effect of liposuction on insulin action and risk factors for coronary heart disease. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350: 2549-57

78) Thorne A, Lonnqvist F, Apelman J, et al. A pilot study of long-term effects of a novel obesity treatment: omentectomy in connection with adjustable gastric banding. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002; 26: 193-9

79) Barzilai N, She L, Liu BQ, et al. Surgical removal of visceral fat reverses hepatic insulin resistance. Diabetes. 1999; 48: 94-8

80) Yang Q, Graham TE, Mody N, et al. Serum retinol binding protein 4 contributes to insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 2005; 436: 356-62

81) Jia W, Wu H, Bao Y, et al. Association of serum retinol binding protein 4 and visceral adiposity in Chinese subjects with and without type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92: 3224-9

82) Kloting N, Graham TE, Berndt J, et al. Serum retinol-binding protein is more highly expressed in visceral than in subcutaneous adipose tissue and is a marker of intra-abdominal fat mass. Cell Metab. 2007; 6: 79-87

83) de Souza Batista CM, Yang RZ, Lee MJ, et al. Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are decreased in obesity. Diabetes. 2007; 56: 1655- 61

84) Fernandez-Real JM, Moreno JM, Chico B, et al. Circulating visfatin is associated with parameters of iron metabolism in subjects with altered glucose tolerance. Diabetes Care. 2007; 30: 616-21

85) Hida K, Wada J, Eguchi J, et al. Visceral adipose tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor: a unique insulin-sensitizing adipocytokine in obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005; 102: 10610-5

86) Goralski KB, McCarthy TC, Hanniman EA, et al. Chemerin: A novel adipokine that regulates adipogenesis and adipocyte metabolism. J Biol Chem. 2007; 282: 28175-88

87) Bozaoglu K, Bolton K, McMillan J, et al. Chemerin is a novel adipokine associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. Endocrinology. 2007; 148: 4687-94

88) Furuhashi M, Tuncman G, Gorgun CZ, et al. Treatment of diabetes and atherosclerosis by inhibiting fatty-acid-binding protein aP2. Nature. 2007; 447: 959-65

NPO医学中央雑誌刊行会 https://www.jamas.or.jp/ info@jamas.or.jp